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Klasifikasi Lapangan Usaha Indonesia (KLUI) has been produced by
the Indonesia Bureau of Statistics for use in the collection and
publication of statistics in Indonesia. International comparability
has been enhanced by aligning the NAICS with the International
Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC).
The Definition screen provides a brief description of the
industry as defined by the Indonesia Bureau of Statistics
The Referrals are for industries whose activities, which are
similar to this industry but are not actually included under this
particular KLUI.
This is a list of the key activities conducted by companies
within this Industry. The list of activities was catalogued by the
Indonesia Bureau of Statistics but DIS has added activities that
are significant to the classification.
Not Elsewhere Classified. The activities included in this
industry do not constitute homogeneous primary activities, but
rather diverse activities, which are not sufficiently significant
to be classified as a separate industry class. These activities are
therefore grouped together within the KLUI Group and have a n.e.c
suffix.
The KEY STATISTICS chapter provides key indicators for the
industry for the last five years and include:
- Industry Turnover
- Industry Value Added
- Employment
- Enterprises
- Establishments
- Exports
- Imports
- Domestic Demand
- Total Wages
Industry Turnover describes the total sales revenue of the
industry and includes: Sales (exclusive of excise and sales tax) of
goods and services whether produced/provided by the establishment
or not; plus transfers out of goods to other establishments of the
same business; plus bounties and subsidies on production; plus all
other operating income from outside the establishment (such as
commission income, repair and service income, and rent, leasing and
hiring income); plus capital work done by rental or lease. Receipts
from interest royalties, dividends and the sale of fixed tangible
assets are excluded.
Industry Value Added is also called Industry Gross Product. This
figure describes; the market value of goods and services produced
by an industry minus the cost of goods and services used up by the
industry in the productive process, which leaves the gross product
of the industry (also called its Value Added).
GDP is obtained by summing the Gross Product of all
industries.
This figure is calculated as turnover, plus the increase (or
less the decrease) in the value of stocks, less purchases,
transfers in and selected expenses.
The Employment figure represents the number of working
proprietors, working partners, permanent, part-time, temporary and
casual employees, and managerial and executive employees working
for an establishment during the last pay period in the financial
year each year. Employees absent on paid or prepaid leave are
included. Sole proprietors and partnerships not employing others
are excluded
An Enterprise Group is a division which is separately managed
and which keeps management accounts. It consists of one or more
Establishments
The establishment is the smallest type of accounting unit within
an Enterprise and controls its productive activity. It consists, in
most industries of one or more locations in a state or territory of
the country at or from which it operates
The Export figure represents the total sales and transfers of
goods produced by an Establishment (or for it on commission) which
are exported (outside this country) by the business or its agent.
This figure is calculated as the value of goods and services
brought into this country from another.
The Import figure of goods and services represent the value of
goods imported and the amount payable to non-residents for the
provision of services to residents. This represents the value of
goods and services brought into this country from other
countries.
Domestic Demand is a measure of total consumption of goods and
services within this country. This figure is calculated by summing
Imports and Domestic Production, then deducting Exports.
Total Wages represent the gross total wages and salaries of all
employees of the establishment. The drawings of working proprietors
are excluded.
The Current Prices Table provide figures which are given in
dollar units are given in the dollar figures of the year in which
they were calculated.
The Constant Prices Table provide figures which are given in
dollar units have been adjusted so that they are all in the dollars
of the same year. By putting the figures in the same dollars, one
can compare changes in output levels from year to year minus any
fluctuations in price caused by inflation. The year of the Constant
Price dollars is changed annually to reflect the most recently
completed financial year.
The Growth Table provides figures, which reflect the percentage
change in each statistic in each year over the previous year. This
is based on the constant price table
The Ratio Table calculates some of the Key Ratios, which are
useful for analysis of the industry. The ratios are based on
figures in the Key Statistics Table. Ratios are not dependent upon
dollar figures and therefore may be calculated from either the
Current Price or the Constant Price Tables.
The MARKET CHARACTERISTICS chapter provides market information
depending on its relevance to the particular industry. Topics
discussed include:
- Market Size
- Linkages
- Supply and Demand
- Demand Determinants
- Domestic and International Markets
- Industry Globalisation
- Basis of Competition
- Life cycle.
This section, provide hyperlinks which when selected allow you
to directly access the relevant industries that are upstream or
downstream to the current industry.
The Market Size section will state where possible:
- Total turnover in latest years
- The size of this industry in relation to the economy
- The size of this industry in relation to its division
- Industry volumetric measures and discussion of trend
- A statement of total market size (i.e. Industry Turnover +
Revenue from this industry's product sold by non-industry
participants - non-industry product sold by this industry). For
example, the total Toys Market will be: Total Market = Toy Industry
Turnover + Department Stores Toys Turnover - Sporting
Equipment.
The Linkages Demand section identifies the major Demand or
forward (downstream) linkages with the relevant Industry codes.
The Linkages Supply section identifies the major Supply or
backward (upstream) linkages with the relevant Industry codes.
The Demand Determinants section identifies the various factors,
which stimulate (or reduce) demand for products/services for this
industry. The type of factors would include: The development of new
products, product innovation, the creation/increased interest in
some new activity, the level of economic growth, the level of
household disposable income and government regulations.
Domestic and International markets defines the market for the
products and services of this industry, both locally and
overseas.
The level and trend for import and exports is determined as
follows
- Exports/turnover
- LOW - 0-5%
- MEDIUM - 5% - 20%
- HIGH - over 20%
- Imports/domestic demand
- LOW - 0-5%
- MEDIUM - 5% - 35%
- HIGH - over 35%
This section also discussed the size of the domestic market
(domestic demand) and the proportion of this accounted for by
imports, the key countries from which imports are from, the trend
for the size of domestic demand (is it increasing, decreasing, not
changing?), the trend for imports as a proportion of domestic
demand, the size of turnover and the size of exports as a
proportion of turnover, the key export destinations, the trend for
the size of exports (are they increasing, decreasing, not
changing), the trend for the size of exports as a proportion of
turnover and any other relevant information
The Basis of Competition Chapter provides discussion on internal
and external competition.
- Internal competition - competition within the industry (i.e.
between industry participants)
- Price Competition
- Service Based Competition
- Branding/Marketing
- Product Enhancements
- Development of New Products
- External competition - competition by the industry with other
industries (i.e. the glass manufacturing industry competes with the
tin can manufacturing industry as a type of packaging). Life
Cycle
This section identifies the stage of development that the
industry is at. Reasons and an analysis of the industry's current
Life Cycle are provided. All industries have a lifecycle and go
through periods of growth, maturity and decline. Examples of
industries in their growth phase might be telecommunications, where
rapid changes and new developments are constantly being made. An
example of an industry in decline might be black coal mining, where
consumption is decreasing in favour of alternative power sources,
which are less harmful to the environment. An example of a mature
industry might be snack food manufacturing, which has grown quickly
in the past, but is now readily accepted by a large proportion of
consumers. Very few significant changes are occurring in this
industry, with most change being associated with minor cosmetic
changes in packaging, in the range of flavours available, etc.
The SEGMENTATION chapter discusses three types of industry
segmentation.
- Product/service segmentation
- Major market segmentation
- Geographic spread
The Products and Service Segmentation section details the key
products and/or services provided by the industry and gives an
indication of the size of each segment as a proportion of the total
industry.
The Major Market Segments section outlines the key markets for
the industry in terms of industries, sectors and demographic groups
it sells to. The major market segments are given as a percentage of
total revenue where available. Chapter: Industry Segmentation
The Industry Concentration section discusses the dominance of
the top players in an industry as a key indicator for industry
concentration. To ensure consistency in the database, DIS bases
concentration on the market dominance of the top FOUR players. The
concentration of an industry is identified as high, medium or
low.
- High concentration
- The top four players account for over 70% or more of
turnover
- Medium concentration - The top four players account for between
40%and 70% of turnover
- Low concentration - The top four players account for less than
40% of turnover
This section also discusses whether the industry concentration
is increasing or decreasing.
The Geographic Spread section displays how much of production
occurs in each defined region. Depending on the nature of the
industry one or more of the following measures is used to determine
the size of each region.
- Turnover
- Production
- The number of establishments
- Employment
The INDUSTRY CONDITIONS Chapter provides discussion on the
following
- Barriers to Entry
- Assistance including Tariffs and Protection
- Taxation
- Regulation/Deregulation
- Cost Structure
- Capital/Labour Intensity
- Technology and Systems
- Industry Volatility
- Globalisation
The Barriers to Entry section outlines factors, which can
prevent a new company from entering the industry. This section also
gives an indication as to the extent to which this occurs and what
constitutes those barriers.
Barriers to entry can be high, medium or low. High means that it
is very difficult for a new company to enter this industry. Low
means it is very easy for a new company to enter this industry.
Medium indicates that the entry level is between high and low.
Examples of common barriers to entry include Entry Costs,
Government Legislation, Control of scarce input by companies
already entrenched in the industry, Absolute Cost Advantage and
Exclusive Dealing. Examples of an industry with a low barrier to
entry include industries that are typically low profit and low
performance - while poor performance of an industry may be a
disincentive to a new entrant, it will not stop a new company from
entering the industry.
The Industry Assistance section outlines the key forms of
assistance or protection given to the industry, whether provided by
government, industry bodies or by the nature of the
products/services provided by the industry itself.
Assistance refers to government and/or other measures in place
designed to improve the performance of the industry or sections of
the industry i.e. grants, subsidies.
Protection refers to non-tariff forms of protection for the
industry i.e. regulations, tax concessions, quotas, quarantine
restrictions, packaging/labeling and quality standards.
Natural protection refers to industries, which do not have a
high level of imports due to the nature of the products sold by the
industry. Generally, these will be industries, which sell high
weight, low value products which would not be cost effective to
ship overseas.
Tariffs or duties are amounts levied on goods, which are
imported.
Level and Trend section identifies the level and trend of
assistance. Level will be stated at High, Medium, Low or None. The
trend will be described as Increasing, Steady or Decreasing.
The Taxation section discusses all kinds of taxation, which are
specific to the industry. All applicable taxes are discussed and
any significant changes to the taxation laws pertaining to this
industry are mentioned.
This Regulation/Deregulation section discusses the occurrence of
regulation (whether government or self-government) and/or
deregulation and its effects. In discussing regulatory or
deregulatory issues, details of the particular issues are
highlighted and any expected changes to the regulations are stated.
Where licenses are required to operate in an industry, they will be
noted in this section and where possible, details regarding the
degree of difficulty in obtaining a license is also included.
The level of regulation will be stated as High, Medium, Light or
None. The trend will be described as Increasing, Steady or
Decreasing.
Examples of regulations include:
- Taxi licenses - are there a limited number of licenses and are
they expensive to obtain?
- Rules regarding the storage of chemicals - are these rules
expensive to comply with (does a firm need to spend a lot of money
to have the right storage procedures)?
- Quotas of production - does the government limit the amount of
production?
- Other regulations regarding production, such as those which
state that certain materials will be taxed when exported unless
further processed
- Legislation preventing mergers, monopolies, etc.
The history of regulations for this industry if appropriate will
be discussed in the Industry Performance chapter.
In certain industries, operators require a permit or lease. This
section discusses where it can be obtained from, the cost, other
eligibility requirements and information regarding the scarcity of
permits or leases and whether or not they are easy to obtain.
Examples of Deregulation include:
- The removal of fuel subsidies
- Removal of regulations which restrict the number of
players
- Relaxation of protection laws (such as quarantine,
tariffs)
- The removal of regulations over the type of chemicals used to
spray crops
The Cost Structure section details the average costs for a
company operating in this industry as a percentage of total
revenue. The costs items and any identifiable trends over time are
explained in the analysis section. The average cost of the
following standard items are included where available:
- Depreciation
- Purchases
- Rent
- Returns
- Utilities
- Wages
- Other
Note: Where data obtained is a combination of these headings,
then "n.a." is entered under the standard headings, and a new
heading for both items is created.
The Capital/Labour Intensity section identifies and discusses
the industry's ratio of capital to labour intensity. This figure is
an indicator of how much capital is used in production as opposed
to labour. Level and trend of Capital Intensity will be stated as
High, Medium or Low. The trend will be described as Increasing,
Steady or Decreasing.
The Technology section discusses the latest technology and/or
systems currently used by the industry. This section also discusses
the effect the Internet is having in this industry. It also states
the level of change as high, medium or low. The rate of
technological change is measured by comparing the rate of change in
this industry to the rate of change in other industries. Technology
refers to machinery and equipment, such as computerisation, which
enables better and more efficient production. Systems refers to
intangibles, intellectual property, franchises, plant set out,
manufacturing processes, etc. An example is the McDonald's formula
driven system for producing a hamburger, which also enables better
and more efficient production. Any technology that is needed to
conform to world's best practice should be mentioned. The following
areas are discussed in this section :
- The latest technology/system being used by the industry is
described
- Any recent changes in the technology, including any changes
currently occurring or likely to occur in the near future
- The development of technologies or systems developed in other
industries which may affect this industry are also mentioned
- Development of any special technology/systems overseas which
have the potential to affect domestic operators are also mentioned
if appropriate
Industry volatility refers to the level of year on year
fluctuations, which occur in industry output. The level of
volatility is determined by the percentage change in industry
turnover compared to the overall GDP growth over the past five
years. The following volatility levels with the relevant percentage
changes are provided below
- VERY HIGH Volatility Greater than ±20%
- HIGH Volatility Between ±10% and ±20%
- MODERATE Volatility Between ±3% and ±10%
- LOW Volatility Less than ±3%
The Globalisation section discusses the extent to which the
industry operates on a global scale. It also indicates whether the
level of globalisation is high, medium or low and if the trend is
increasing, decreasing or not changing. Factors which are discussed
in this section include the level of foreign ownership of the major
players, imports as a proportion of domestic demand and the level
of exports.
The KEY SENSITIVITIES chapter discusses the key sensitivities
that have an impact on the industry. Each of the companies
operating in the industry is influenced by a range of external
factors (Business Environment variables), which are beyond the
direct control of the company. These external factors, include
exchange rates, commodity prices, consumer attitudes, weather
conditions and government policies, which impact on an industry are
known as key sensitivities. A description and an analysis of the
Key Sensitivity is provided in this section. For each industry up
to eight sensitivities may be discussed and are listed in order of
significance. Examples of key sensitivities include: Agriculture :
Drought, Seasonal conditions, Market prices - particularly world
prices for commodities, Government regulations regarding
licensing/use of chemicals, Access to appropriate land/water
Mining, Market prices - particularly world prices for commodities,
Demand by upstream industries, particularly manufacturing and
construction, New processes to increase output levels from various
mines, Government regulations - especially licensing, Exchange
rates for mined commodities which are traded Manufacturing, Demand
by downstream industries, Exchange rates for goods which are
traded, Propensity to consume certain items over other items,
Government regulations governing the manufacturing process and the
maintenance of the environment (e.g. effluent controls, controls
over chemicals used, storage of toxins, etc), The advent of new
machinery which increases production, Competition from imports
Services, Increasing propensity for women to work (and hence
greater outsourcing of many functions provided by the service
industry), The advent of new ways of doing business (e.g. the
creation of franchises), Government regulation - may control hours
of operation/limit activities in some way, Competition from
similar/related services. For instance, movie theatres compete with
other industries, which aim at the "entertainment dollar".
The Key Success Factors section discusses internal factors that
are within the control of the operator and should be observed in
order to be successful in this industry. These factors which are
under the direct control of the operator and can therefore be
influenced or changed by the operator. Often these factors may
include behaviour that will help the company minimise the effects
of the Key Sensitivities. Key Success Factors are distinct from Key
Sensitivities in that they are in control of the operation, whereas
key sensitivities occur outside of the industry. For each industry
up to five Key Success may be discussed and are listed in order of
significance.
The INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE chapter provides an analysis regarding
how an industry has performed over the last five years. It
identifies
- Important trends and events in the industry
- Key performance indicators for the industry that have impacted
the results achieved by the industry
- Areas of success or failure within the industry
There are two components to performance. The current performance
details the recent performance of the industry over the past five
years. The historical performance details industry activities prior
to that time.
The Historical Performance section discusses fundamental changes
which have occurred in the industry and the period prior to the
most recent five years. Note that the period over which historical
performance extends is not fixed. If an event of one hundred years
ago has been instrumental in the formation of the industry in its
current structure, then it may be mentioned.
The Current Performance section discusses the key industry
indicators over the past five years and identifies the influences
these indicators have had on the industry
The INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS chapter identifies the major players
in the industry, and where possible provides their market
share.
This section identifies the companies that are major players for
the particular industry. Major Players are the top companies within
an industry as determined by market share. The Market Share is
calculated by the company's revenue within the industry as a
percentage of the industry turnover. A major player may be a legal
entity, and is the ultimate entity in that country. The major
player's trading name in that particular industry is also
identified. This name is normally a subsidiary, a division, or a
brand name.
Market share is calculated by dividing the turnover earned by
the company from the particular industry, by the total turnover of
the industry. If available the company industry specific turnover
is also provided in this section. Market share is based on the
level of activity conducted by the company in this industry
only.
This section discusses the performance for each major player in
the particular industry. Player performance is a performance
analysis of the companies in the industry, examples of how they
have performed within the industry, how they exemplify trends or
how industry trends have diverged from the companies. Other players
of significance are also discussed in this section under the "Other
Players" heading. These "Other Players" may be significant players
within a product segment, a niche player or a new player who is
likely to become a major player quickly. There is normally no
corresponding Company report for these Companies
The section outlines of expectations for the industry over the
next five years including the forecast of key statistics. The
section discusses expectations for the key industry indicators over
the next five years.
Key influences on those indicators are:
- Significant trends that are likely to continue and the
identification of new trends that are likely to occur
- Reasons why the industry is likely to be diverted from those
trends/ why those trends might be exaggerated
- Which segments of the industry are likely to be more/less
successful than the industry as a whole - which are likely to
increase in importance/decrease in importance?
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